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Amurkawa Na Zaben Sabon Shugaba Tsakanin Trump Da Biden


Wata mai kada kuri'a a zaben fidda gwani a Ottawa, Illinois, a watan Maris 2020.
Wata mai kada kuri'a a zaben fidda gwani a Ottawa, Illinois, a watan Maris 2020.

Jama'a a fadin Amurka su na kada kuri'a a ranar karshe ta zaben shugaban kasar na 2020. Tuni miliyoyin 'yan kasar suka kada kuri'unsu da wuri kafin ranar zaben, Talata.

A ranar Litinin ne Shugaba Donald Trump na jam’iyyar Republican da abokin hamayyarshi Joe Biden na jam’iyyar Democrat su ka rufe yakin neman zabensu.

Amurkawa fiye da miliyan 98 ne suka kada kuri’unsu da wuri – adadin da ya haura kashi biyu cikin uku na yawan kuri’un da aka kada a zaben 2016, wato kusan miliyan 139.

Ganin yawan kuri’un da aka kada da wuri a zaben na 2020, masu hasashe sun ce akwai yiwuwar yawan kuri’un da za a kada a zaben na bana ya kai 150 ko ma fiye da hakan.

Sai dai ganin yadda jihohin kasar suke da dokoki daban-daban a game da wa’adin lokacin da za a kammala kirga kuri’un, mai yiwuwa ba za a san sakamakon zaben ba har zuwa wasu kwanaki masu zuwa. Amma hakan zai danganta ne a kan adadin yawan banbancin kuri’un a tsakanin manyan ‘yan takarar shugaban kasar biyu.

Shugaba Donald Trump da abokin hamayyarshi Joe Biden
Shugaba Donald Trump da abokin hamayyarshi Joe Biden

Kundin tsarin mulkin Amurka ya tanadi ka’idoji da tsari ga dukkan wanda ke son zama shugaban kasa.

Da farko duk mai sha’awar yin takarar zama shugaban kasa a Amurka, sai ya cika wasu sharuda uku kamar yadda yake a tsarin mulkin kasar. Na farko: Tilas mutum ya kasance haifaffen Amurka, kana shekarunsa su kai akalla 35 a duniya, yayinda kuma ake bukata mai sha’awar tsayawa takarar shugaban kasar Amurka ya zauna cikin kasa har na tsawon akalla shekaru 14 jere.

Amurka na da manyan jam’iyyu siyasa guda biyu: jam’iyyar Republican da ta Democrat, amma ba dole bane mutum ya tsaya takara karkashin wadannan jam’iyyu biyu. Yana iya tsayawa takara a matsayin mai zaman kansa, wato independent.

Bayan mutum ya zabi jam’iyyar da yake shawa’ar tsayawa takara ya kuma yi rajista, daga nan jam’iyya za ta gudanar da zaben fidda dan takara, cikin mutanen da suka nuna sha’awar tsayawa takarar.

Tutar Amurka a kan ma'aikatar Shari'a ta kasa
Tutar Amurka a kan ma'aikatar Shari'a ta kasa

Bisa al’ada, manyan jam’iyyun Amurka biyu Republican da Democrat suna gudanar da babban taron jam’iyya na kasa domin bayyana tare da tabbabar da wanda aka zaba ya zama dankarar jam’iyya a hukumance. Daga nan ‘yan takarar jam’iyyun da aka zaba za su dauki lokaci suna tuntuba da shawarwari kafin su zabi mataimakansu, su kuma ci gaba da yakin neman zabe. Daga lokacin da jam’iya ta tsaida dan takara, ya zama mai yanke hukumci da kuma ikon zartarwa ko tsawatarwa a jam’iyar.

‘Yan takarar kan gudanar da tarukan neman tallafin kudaden da zasu gudanar da kamfen dinsu. Ana amfani da kudaden ne wajen yin tallace tallacen yakin neman zabe a gidajen talabijin da rediyo har ma da shafukan yanar gizo da kafafen sada zumunta, domin neman kuri’un ‘yan kasa da zasu yi zabe.

Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka
Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Amurka

Kundin tsarin Mulkin Amurka ya ba duk ‘yan kasa da suka cika shekaru 18 da haihuwa yancin yin zabe. Dan kasa zai iya zama haifaffen Amurka ko kuma wanda aka haifa a wata kasa amma ya samu ikon zama dan ‘kasa a Amurka, kana tilas ne ya kasance wanda bai aikata wani babban laifi ba wanda kuma yake da rajistar yin zabe. Sai dai tsarin ya ba mutum dama ya je runfar zabe da takardar shaidar haihuwa da kuma inda ya ke zaune a yi mashi rajista nan take a runfar zabe ya kuma kada kuri’a.

Amurka tana da jihohi 50 da kuma babban birnin tarayya da ake kira Washington DC ko kuma Gundumar Kwalambiya inda ta kasance fadar mulkin Amurka, wadda bata da wakilai a majalisun dokokin kasar kuma bata da gwamna, sai dai tana shiga zaben shugaban kasa kamar yadda ake yi a dukan jihohi tana kuma da wakilai da ke zaben shugaban kasa.

Akasin sauran zabukan Amurka inda wanda ya sami kuri’u mafiya yawa ya ke zama wanda aka zaba, zaben shugaban kasa tsarinshi ya banbanta. Akan fara harsashen wanda zai lashe zabe daga yawan jihohin da ya lashe, wadanda suke da wakalai da suke taruwa su tabbatar da zaben shugaban kasa. Wannan tsarin wakilai da ake kira “Electoral College,” tsari ne da aka raba kuri’u 538 ga dukkanin jihohin dake Amurka. Dan takara yana kwashe dukan yawan wakilai a jihar da ya lashe zabe.

Electoral College
Electoral College

Duk da yake jihohin da kuma Gundumar Kwalambiya suna da kasonsu cikin wakilai 538, sai dai na wasu jihohin ya fi na wasu yawa, alal missali jihar California tana da wakilai 55, amma jihar New York tana da 29, jihar Nevada kuma tana da 6 rak.

‘Yan takara kan maida hankali ga jihohin da suka fi yawan kuri’u, domin neman samun kuri’u 270 cikin 538 da zai tabbatar da wanda zai zama shugaban kasa. Hakan na nufin ba yawan kuri’un jama’a masu rinjaye ba ne ke zabar shugaban kasa, yawan kuri’un wakilan Electoral College ne ke zabar shugaban kasa.

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    Grace Alheri Abdu

    Grace Alheri Abdu  babbar Edita ce (Managing Editor) a Sashen Hausa na Muryar Amurka wadda ta shafe sama da shekaru 30 tana aikin jarida. Tana da digiri na biyu a fannin dokoki da huldar diplomasiyar kasa da kasa, da kuma digiri na biyu a fannin nazarin addinan al'adun gargadiya na kasashen Afrika.

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