Tasirin Faransa ya yi kamari a kan tsoffin kasashen da ta yi wa mulkin mallaka a Yammacin Afirka da Tsakiyar Afirka, tun bayan zamanin samun 'yancin kai daga mulkin mallakan turawa.
Amma a yanzu, da alama Faransa na girbar abin da ta shuka sakamakon mamayar da sojoji suka yi a wasu yankunan da suka yi wa mulkin mallaka.
Hukumomin juyin mulkin soja a Mali, Burkina Faso da Nijar sun kori sojojin Faransa da jakadun Faransa, lamarin da ya matukar rage rawar da Faransa ke takawa wajen tunkarar masu ta da kayar baya da ke da alaka da al-Qaeda da IS.
Bayan juyin mulki da sojoji suka yi a Jamhuriyar Nijar a ranar 26 ga watan Yuli, dubun dubatan magoya bayan juyin mulkin sun gudanar da zanga-zanga a Yamai babban birnin kasar, inda suka yi Allah wadai da Faransa tare da kona tutocin Faransa.
Wasu masu zanga-zangar sun daga tutocin Rasha tare da nuna goyon bayansu ga Kasar. Haka kuma a ka yi a Burkina Faso da Mali.
Gnaka Lagoke, Farfesa a fannin tarihi da nazarin Afirka a Jami'ar Lincoln da ke Pennsylvania, ya ce ƙarshen zamanin mulkin mallakan kasashe masu harshen Faransa ko a dade, ko a jima, ya na nan tafe.
"Akwai wasu kasashen Afirka da ke ganin cewa har yanzu Faransawa ne ke iko da harkokin tattalin arziki da siyasa. Gaskiyar magana ita ce, a yanzu muna cikin zamanin tawaye ga Faransa, kuma waɗannan ƙasashen Afirka suna neman ‘yancin kai na biyu,” kamar yadda ya shaida wa Muryar Amurka. "Mutane suna son 'yancinsu na siyasa da tattalin arziki, kuma suna jin Faransa ce ta hana su cimma hakan."
Lagoko ya kara da cewa, karuwar tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa a yankin na baiwa manyan kasashen duniya irin su China da Rasha damar fadada sawunsu a nahiyar Afirka.
Alal misali, Shugaban kasar Rasha Vladimir Putin, ya yi nasarar sanya kansa a matsayin wanda ake ganin yana yaki da mulkin mallaka na yammacin duniya, yana mai karawa da cewa "mutane a nahiyar Afirka masu harshen Faransa suna kallon Rasha a matsayin abokiyar kawance da ke ra’ayi irin na su da kuma tallafa musu a gwagwarmayarsu."
Juyin mulkin Jamhuriyar Nijar da hambarar da shugaba Mohamed Bazoum ya firgitar da kasashen yammacin Afirka da Turai da kuma Amurka. Nijar ta kasance babbar abokiyar tsaro ga gwamnatocin kasashen yammacin duniya, wadanda suka yi amfani da kasar da ba ta da iyaka da teku a yammacin Afirka a matsayin sansanin yaki da masu ta da kayar baya a yankin Sahel. Masu lura da al'amuran yau da kullun sun ce akwai damuwa game da wani sabon yanayi - kuma mai hadarin gaske - a yankin Sahel, wanda zai iya cutar da kokarin yaki da ta'addanci a can, da kuma kara karfin tasirin Rasha a yankin.
A yayin da a yanzu daukacin yankin Sahel da ke tsakiyar kasar ke karkashin ikon gwamnatocin sojoji, juyin mulkin ya kuma jefa shugabannin yammacin Afirka cikin wani mawuyacin hali.
Kungiyar raya tattalin arzikin kasashen yammacin Afrika, ECOWAS, ta kakaba wa Nijar takunkumi, inda ta bukaci a maido da shugaba Bazoum, tare da yin barazanar daukar matakin soji a matsayin mataki na karshe.
Rundunar sojin Nijar ta yi watsi da wa'adin ECOWAS, tana mai cewa duk wani matakin soji zai zama a matsayin "ayyana yaki."
A watan Satumba ne dai mahukuntan mulkin soja na kasar Mali, Burkina Faso suka rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniyar kare juna, inda suka yi alkawarin taimakawa junansu ta hanyar soji, daga duk wani abu da suka kira zalunci da kuma tawaye na cikin gida.
Babacar Ndiaye, babban jami’i a cibiyar Timbuktu da ke kasar Senegal, ya ce mai yiwuwa allura ta tono garmar da zai yi barazana ga ECOWAS wajen magance kalubalen tsaro a yankin da kuma kiyaye kawancen kasashe mambobinta 15.
“An nuna karfi ga dakarun ECOWAS a yayin yaki da ‘yan ta’adda a yankin Sahel saboda karancin kayan aikin soji, amma ta tsara akalla ayyukan kasa da kasa, ta fuskar soji, da ma na siyasa. Kamar yadda Mali, Burkina Faso da Nijar ke ganin sun balle, a ce an samu wani sabon salo na rashin yarda a tsakanin kasashen kungiyar ECOWAS,” kamar yadda ya shaida wa wakilin Muryar Amurka na shirin Straight Talk Africa.
Ndiaye ya ce kungiyar ta yankin na fuskantar zakaran gwajin dafi a bangaren inganci da kuma makomarta.
“Wannan babban rauni ne ga kokarin ECOWAS na tsawon shekaru 30 na samar da tsare-tsare na doka da gine-ginen da za su sanya shugabanci nagari, tsarin mulki da ‘yancin dan Adam a tsakiyar hanyoyinta na rigakafin rikice-rikice a yammacin Afirka. Wadannan tanade-tanaden sun kuma ba da damar kungiyar yankin ta shiga tsakani, alal misali, tare da kaucewa sauye-sauyen da suka saba wa kundin tsarin mulkin kasar,” in ji Ndiaye.
"Amma tare da juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi a baya-bayan nan, yanzu an sami wani sabon salon mulkin kama-karya da ke faruwa a yammacin Afirka, wanda ya yi sandiyar koma bayan kokarin dimokradiyya da aka gina a hankali-a hankali na tsawon shekaru."
Ndiaye ya kara da cewa, akwai wani babban abin da ke haifar da sauyi a yankin Sahel: matasa, wadanda “ba su ji dadin dimokradiyya ba,” kamar yadda suka fuskanta a kasashensu.
“Fatar ita ce, idan aka yi mulkin dimokuradiyya, za a yi zabe na gaskiya da adalci, shugabanci na gari, gaskiya da bin doka da oda. Amma abin da yawan matasa ke gani shi ne tsarin dimokuradiyyar da ba ya aiki, tare da magudin zabe, rashin daukan alhaki, mafi muninsu kuma shi ne, babu ci gaban tattalin arziki. Ran matasan “ya baci, da rashin hakuri da kuma hada kai,” in ji shi. Ya kara da cewa “mutane suna kallon sauran kasashen, kamar Rasha, China a matsayin marasa dimokradiyya da ke samar da ci gaba kuma suna tunanin za a iya amfani da wadannan kasashe a matsayin abin koyi a maimakon koyi daga kasashen yamma.”
Ladoke ya yi hasashen za a yi juyin mulki a yankin nan da watanni masu zuwa amma ya kasa bayyana inda ko kuma lokacin da za a yi na gaba. Ya shaidawa Muryar Amurka cewa dole ne gwamnatocin Afirka su gaggauta magance matsalolin da ke haifar da guguwar diflomasiyya da rikicin cikin gida.
“Suna bukatar samar da ababen more rayuwa, a kyuatata hanyoyin da jama’a za su more rayuwa a kasashensu, kuma akwai bukatar shugabanni su rika mutunta jama’arsu. Ba za ku yi tsammanin mutanen da ake zalunta za su yi shiru ba,” in ji shi.
-Salem Solomon
Dandalin Mu Tattauna