American voters are likely about to be swamped by a flood of misinformation and influence campaigns engineered by U.S. adversaries aiming, according to senior U.S. intelligence officials, to sway the results of the upcoming presidential election and cast doubt on the process itself.
The latest assessment from the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, issued Monday, comes just 29 days before the November 5 election that will see U.S. voters choose the country's next president and cast ballots in hundreds of other state and local races.
"We've continued to see actors ramp up their activities as we get closer to Election Day," said a senior U.S. intelligence official, briefing reporters on the condition of anonymity.
"They recognize that individuals are already voting, and operations can have a greater impact as we get closer to Election Day," the official said, noting that the election itself may just be a starting point.
"The intelligence community expects foreign influence actors to continue their campaigns by calling into question the validity of the election results after the polls close," the official added.
A second U.S. intelligence official warned the pace of such influence efforts, especially those targeting specific races or political campaigns, has also picked up.
"We have had more than a threefold increase," the official said, explaining that the number of private briefings to candidates and campaigns has likewise jumped.
Intelligence agencies also cautioned that U.S. adversaries will likely seize upon the damage done by Hurricane Helene and potential damage from Hurricane Milton as it strengthens off the U.S. coastline to further amplify and manufacture narratives meant to undermine confidence in the election results.
"It does take time for those types of narratives to be formed and put out into the wild, so to speak," the first intelligence official said. "But we certainly expect foreign countries to take advantage of such situations and promote further divisive rhetoric."
Monday's assessment follows a series of earlier public warnings about foreign efforts to meddle in the U.S. election.
U.S. officials said Monday that Russia, Iran and China continue to be responsible for most of the influence efforts targeting U.S. voters.
And, they said, there have been no indications that any of those countries have changed their goals.
Russia, they said, continues to run influence campaigns aimed at boosting the chances of former U.S. President and Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump, while seeking to hurt the campaign of Vice President Kamala Harris, the Democratic nominee.
Iran's efforts remain focused on helping Harris by hurting Trump, they said, pointing to the ongoing hack-and-leak operation against the Trump campaign, which has been traced to three operatives working for Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Targeting state, local races
U.S. intelligence agencies assess that China has yet to wade into the U.S. presidential campaign, focusing instead on persuading American voters to reject state and local candidates perceived as detrimental to Beijing's interests, especially those voicing support for Taiwan.
But the latest public assessment pointed to some changes.
U.S. intelligence officials on Monday warned that Russia and Cuba have joined China, in targeting congressional, state and local races.
"Moscow is leveraging a wide range of influence actors in an effort to influence congressional races, particularly to encourage the U.S. public to oppose pro-Ukraine policies and politicians," the intelligence official said.
"Havana almost certainly has considered influence efforts targeting some candidates," the official added. "This is consistent with what they've done in past cycles."
Russia, China and Iran have all rejected previous U.S. accusations of election meddling. Russia, Iran and Cuba have yet to respond to requests from VOA for comment on the latest U.S. findings.
China late Monday again dismissed the U.S. concerns.
"China is not interested in the U.S. congressional election, and we have no intention and will not interfere in it," Liu Pengyu, the spokesperson for the Chinese Embassy in Washington, told VOA in an email.
"Some U.S. congressmen stick to their wrong positions on the Taiwan question," Liu added. "China firmly defends its national sovereignty and territorial integrity, but this does not lead to the conclusion that China has interfered in the congressional elections."
But the U.S. intelligence assessments align with concerns voiced by some lawmakers and private technology companies.
"The 48 hours after the polls close, especially if we have as close an election as we anticipate, could be equally if not more significant in terms of spreading false information, disinformation and literally undermining the tenets of our democracy," Mark Warner, chair of the Senate Intelligence Committee, said during a hearing last month.
'Vigorous activity'
Microsoft President Brad Smith, who has warned that the most perilous moments could come in the 48 hours before the U.S. election, separately said the increase in malign cyber efforts by Russia and Iran, especially, is undeniable.
"We're seeing vigorous activity," Smith told a cyber conference last month. "We're seeing the Iranians really target the Republican Party in the Trump campaign," he said. "We're seeing the Russians target the Democratic Party and now the Harris campaign."
And it is unclear what impact the U.S. has made with its attempts to counter the growing number of foreign influence efforts.
Last month, the U.S. Justice Department seized 32 internet domains used by companies linked to Moscow to spread disinformation. At the same time, the department indicted employees of the state-controlled media outlet RT in connection with a plot to launder Russian propaganda through a U.S.-based media company.
U.S. intelligence officials on Monday, however, said such tactics are no longer unique to the Kremlin.
"Foreign influence actors are getting better at hiding their hand and using Americans to do it," said one of the U.S. intelligence officials. "Foreign countries calculate that Americans are more likely to believe other Americans compared to content with clear signs of foreign propaganda."
Arizona Democratic Senator Mark Kelly told CBS' "Face the Nation" on Sunday that social media is rife with fake personas generated by U.S. adversaries.
"If you're looking at stuff on Twitter, on TikTok, on Facebook, on Instagram, and it's political in nature … there is a very reasonable chance — I would put it in the 20 to 30% range — that the content you are seeing, the comments you are seeing, are coming from one of those three countries: Russia, Iran, China," he said. "It's not going to stop on November 5."
