U.S. Secretary of State Rex Tillerson met Thursday in Ankara with Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and Foreign Minister Mevlut Cavusoglu, as allies examine their next steps in the campaign to defeat Islamic State militants and stabilize the refugee crisis in the region.
"Today’s conversation is built on three mutual long-term goals: working together to defeat Daesh, or ISIS, building stability in the region and bolstering economic ties between our two nations," Tillerson said after his meeting, speaking alongside his counterpart Cavusoglu.
"Turkey has been a NATO ally since 1952 and we continue to exercise military cooperation in that alliance and in the global coalition to defeat Daesh," Tillerson said.
Later in the trip, the top U.S. diplomat will press NATO allies to demonstrate a clear path to increase defense spending, in his first meeting with counterparts from this security bloc.
US operations in Syria
U.S.-led forces are increasing their campaign to retake the Syrian city of Raqqa from Islamic State militants.
Stabilizing areas where militants have fled and allowing refugees to return home are high on the agenda for the U.S. and its anti-Islamic State coalition partners.
Tillerson is looking to build on progress from last week’s meeting of coalition partners in Washington.
“While a more defined course of action in Syria is still coming together, I can say the United States will increase our pressure on ISIS and al-Qaida, and will work to establish interim zones of stability through cease-fires to allow refugees to go home,” he said.
But it could be a tall order, according to Middle East expert Daniel Serwer.
“The Turks would like to have safe zones; they have been proposing them for years,” he said. “But they are in fact extraordinarily difficult to create, and to defend, and to maintain.”
NATO
Days before Tillerson’s first meeting with NATO foreign ministers, he met with his counterparts from the Baltic states. They expressed confidence in Washington’s support for NATO.
“We’re passing what we consider very important messages of the need to develop transatlantic security and economic links, so it was overall a very good introductory meeting,” Latvian Foreign Minister Edgars Rinkevics told VOA’s Ukrainian Service.
After Russia’s 2014 annexation of Ukraine’s Crimea, NATO agreed to send troops to Lithuania and to Estonia, Latvia and Poland, in a move to deter potential Russian aggression.
“I wouldn’t say the military presence is insignificant,” Estonian Foreign Minister Sven Mikser told VOA’s Russian Service. “These are very well-trained, well-equipped forces. But when you look at the numbers, the presence is slightly modest compared to what Russia has in place on the other side of the border. So it shouldn’t be viewed as escalatory in any way ... but I think it’s sufficient to make Russia change its calculus. It makes clear to Russia that they should not launch a provocation and think that they can do it with impunity.”
Tillerson is going to the NATO talks before he goes to Moscow, a move that ends the controversy over his earlier decision to skip the event.
“[NATO allies] want the commitment by Tillerson to maintain sanctions [on Russia for its actions] on Ukraine; they want a commitment from Tillerson that his president isn’t gonna sell out the alliance to the Russians,” Serwer said.
Tillerson will make it clear that it is no longer sustainable for the United States to maintain a disproportionate share of NATO’s defense spending. He also will consult with allies about their shared commitment to improve security in Ukraine and the need for NATO to push Russia to end aggression against its neighbors.
NATO member states have until 2024 to meet a shared pledge to contribute 2 percent of their gross domestic product on defense.
Estonia is the only Baltic nation to spend 2 percent of the GDP for defense purposes. Lithuania and Latvia have pledged to reach that level by 2018.
This report was produced in collaboration with VOA’s Russian and Ukrainian services.
