Every month, Fatma Ahmed sends $200 of the earnings she makes in London to her family in Somalia.
"It's for daily life. For rent, for buying grocery things, to live over there. Because actually in Somalia, that much we do not have," she said.
Remittances from overseas diaspora constitute a vital part of the economy of many developing nations, none more so than Somalia, where the inflows add up to more than foreign aid and investment combined. However, analysts warn that the industry is poorly understood by regulators and banks, putting the welfare of millions of people at risk.
The two million Somalis living overseas send an estimated $1.3 billion back home every year. With no formal banking system in Somalia, most of the diaspora use remittance services.
Technology makes that possible, says Abdirashid Duale, CEO of Dahabshiil, one of Africa's biggest remittance services.
"Now, it is so instant, where we have the latest technology, with the internet, secure channels that we can use to send money back home," Duale said. "Or we use mobiles … smartphones, technology where it will help us to deliver money quickly, but less costly. Technology is supporting us also with the compliance issue."
Remittance companies rely on global banks to route the money, and those banks must comply with regulations on money laundering and the financing of crime and terrorism.
Citing those concerns, many banks have chosen to withdraw from the market. Such a move is unnecessary, says remittance industry expert Laura Hammond of London's School of Oriental and African Studies.
"Very often, it is not based on any kind of empirical evidence that shows that money is going into the wrong hands," Hammond said. "The fear is just there is a conflict in Somalia, there's the al-Shabab movement. And so there is a problem in a sense, a real precarious nature of the Somali remittance industry."
The industry received a high-profile boost last month as the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation donated $1 million using the remittance firm Dahabshiil, along with mobile phone companies Somtel and eDahab, with the money transferred "live" to 1,000 families suffering the drought in Somalia.
The technology is moving fast. However, the cooperation of the global banking system remains key, and the remittance industry wants regulators to do more to support this lifeline.
