Iran will retaliate against any country that carries out cyberattacks on its nuclear sites, the head of civilian defense said, after a fire at its Natanz plant that some Iranian officials said may have been caused by cyber sabotage.
The Natanz uranium-enrichment site, much of which is underground, is one of several Iranian facilities monitored by inspectors of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the U.N. nuclear watchdog.
Iran's top security body said Friday the cause of the incident at the nuclear site had been determined, but "due to security considerations" it would be announced at a convenient time.
Iran's Atomic Energy Organization initially reported an incident had occurred early Thursday at Natanz, located in the desert in the central province of Isfahan.
It later published a photo of a one-story brick building with its roof and walls partly burned. A door hanging off its hinges suggested there had been an explosion inside the building.
"Responding to cyberattacks is part of the country's defense might. If it is proven that our country has been targeted by a cyberattack, we will respond," civil defense chief Gholamreza Jalali told state TV late Thursday.
An article issued Thursday by state news agency IRNA addressed what it called the possibility of sabotage by enemies such as Israel and the United States, although it stopped short of accusing either directly.
"So far Iran has tried to prevent intensifying crises and the formation of unpredictable conditions and situations," IRNA said. "But the crossing of red lines of the Islamic Republic of Iran by hostile countries, especially the Zionist regime and the U.S., means that strategy ... should be revised."
Three Iranian officials who spoke to Reuters on condition of anonymity said they believed the fire was the result of a cyberattack but did not cite any evidence.
One of the officials said the attack had targeted a centrifuge assembly building, referring to the delicate cylindrical machines that enrich uranium, and said Iran's enemies had carried out similar acts in the past.
In 2010, the Stuxnet computer virus, which is widely believed to have been developed by the United States and Israel, was discovered after it was used to attack the Natanz facility.
Lukasz Olejnik, a Brussels-based independent cybersecurity researcher and consultant, said that the Stuxnet incident did not necessarily say much about what transpired Thursday.
“Events taking place more than 10 years ago, and once, in themselves cannot form any evidence about things happening today,” said Olejnik, who formerly worked as scientific adviser on cyberwarfare at the International Committee of the Red Cross, in an email.
He added that talk of a cyberattack was "way too premature” and that invoking the specter of digital sabotage “might be a convenient explanation for natural events, or incompetence.”
Two of the Iranian officials said Israel could have been behind the Natanz incident but offered no evidence.
Asked on Thursday evening about recent incidents reported at strategic Iranian sites, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu told reporters: "Clearly we can't get into that."
The IAEA said Friday the location of the fire did not contain nuclear materials, and that none of its inspectors was present at the time.
"The Agency has been in contact with relevant Iranian authorities to confirm there will be no impact on its safeguards verification activities, which are expected to continue as before," an IAEA statement said, adding that Iran had told it the cause of the fire was not yet known.
Natanz is the centerpiece of Iran's enrichment program, which Tehran says is only for peaceful purposes. Western intelligence agencies and the IAEA believe it had a coordinated, clandestine nuclear arms program that it halted in 2003.
Tehran denies ever seeking nuclear weapons.
Iran curbed its nuclear work in exchange for the removal of most global sanctions under an accord reached with six world powers in 2015 but has reduced compliance with the deal's restrictions since the United States withdrew in 2018.
