In a muddy trench under fire from Russian forces 200 meters away, Ukrainian servicemen injured while holding the line near the bloodiest battle of Moscow's invasion face a precarious extraction.
"If someone gets unlucky, we have to carry them between 1 and 3 kilometers to the nearest place they can be collected," a Ukrainian soldier, who calls himself Begemot, told AFP journalists several kilometers from the embattled city of Bakhmut.
"Even a light injury can be fatal in these conditions," he added, the sound of artillery thundering behind him.
The difficulty of hauling out injured troops is one of the myriad factors dictating the timing of a highly anticipated Ukrainian counteroffensive against Russian positions across the sprawling front line.
Ukraine is understood to be stockpiling precision ammunitions, mass recruiting assault battalions and mastering Western-supplied arms in preparation for a decisive pushback against Russian forces.
Observers of the Kremlin's invasion say that after fending off a months-long lackluster Russian offensive in the eastern Donetsk region, Ukraine could hit back within weeks.
But in the water-logged eastern industrial Donetsk region, Ukrainian soldiers tasked with holding the line against waves of Russian forces say: not yet.
"Any military hardware that passes here, their undercarriage will get stuck in the mud. They'll be targets. We can't talk about a counteroffensive yet," Begemot said.
'We have to grind them down'
AFP journalists moving toward a front-line position near Bakhmut saw Ukrainian troops dislodging by hand their transport stuck in the mud.
Watching over that same battlefield from footage streamed by drones over the trenches, 42-year-old battalion commander Evgeny sees assault as inevitable.
"It's going to happen. Clearly. The situation on the front line dictates that. But a counteroffensive can only happen when the enemy's forces are exhausted," he told AFP.
He said that in the weeks his troops have been tasked with containing Russian forces from advancing around Bakhmut's flanks, the attackers have lost steam.
"We have to grind them down so they can't relocate their forces," he said, describing in detail how Russian forces send waves of dispensable, then more experienced fighters toward his trenches.
Based on intercepted radio communications and footage his drones feed back to the bunker, he believes Russian forces — still pushing deeper inside Bakhmut — are preparing for Ukraine to attack, too.
"The enemy has started to lay mines along sections of their lines, which means they are tired. They’re preparing to defend," he said.
Russian mercenary chief Yevgeny Prigozhin said as much this week.
"Now only one thing remains: gain a firm foothold and dig into the territories that we already control," the 61-year-old Kremlin ally said.
'I'll live in my basement'
For civilians in the crossfire, those who haven't fled more than a year of intense fighting, the prospect of an escalation changes little.
Several kilometers west of Bakhmut, in the village of Kalynivka, 71-year-old Vera Petrova gestured to the artillery damage to her home to explain why she wasn't making preparations to flee a counteroffensive.
"We've already been shelled. Half the kitchen roof was destroyed. Our neighbor's roof was destroyed. This isn't even serious," she said referring to thuds, near and distant, of incoming and outgoing shelling.
Her street, lined with cherry trees and abandoned one-story homes, has about two dozen residents remaining, a fraction of those who once called it home.
"If my home is destroyed. I'll live in my basement," she added, without flinching at each boom.
In the trenches, Begemot said even if Ukraine managed to increase the rhythm of the artillery fire, it would be senseless to attack now.
"Even if there are a lot of us, and we had a bunch of artillery, how far could we go in one day? Five kilometers? Maybe 10?"
"They won't have any strength left and you are not just walking, you need to fight," he said.
