Croatia on Sunday switched to the euro and entered Europe's passport-free zone — two major milestones for the country after joining the EU nearly a decade ago.
At midnight local time (2300 GMT Saturday) the Balkan nation bid farewell to its kuna currency and became the 20th member of the eurozone.
It is the 27th nation in the passport-free Schengen zone, the world's largest, which enables more than 400 million people to move freely around its members.
Experts say the adoption of the euro will help shield Croatia's economy at a time when inflation is soaring worldwide after Russia's invasion of Ukraine sent food and fuel prices through the roof.
But feelings among Croatians are mixed. While they welcome the end of border controls, some worry about the euro switch, with right-wing opposition groups saying it only benefits large countries such as Germany and France.
Many Croatians fear that the introduction of the euro will lead to a hike in prices, in particular that businesses will round up price points when they convert.
'Elite club'
For tourist agency employee Marko Pavic, "Croatia joins an elite club."
"The euro was already a value measure — psychologically it's nothing new — while entry into Schengen is fantastic news for tourism," he told AFP.
Use of the euro is already widespread in Croatia.
Croatians have long valued their most precious assets such as cars and apartments in euros, displaying a lack of confidence in the local currency.
About 80% of bank deposits are denominated in euros, and Zagreb's main trading partners are in the eurozone.
Officials have defended the decision to join the eurozone and Schengen, with Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic saying Wednesday that they were "two strategic goals of a deeper EU integration."
Croatia, a former Yugoslav republic of 3.9 million people that fought a war of independence in the 1990s, joined the European Union in 2013.
"The euro certainly brings (economic) stability and safety," Ana Sabic of the Croatian National Bank (HNB) told AFP.
Experts say the adoption of the euro will lower borrowing conditions amid economic hardship.
Croatia's inflation rate reached 13.5% in November compared to 10% in the eurozone.
Analysts stress that eastern EU members with currencies outside of the eurozone, such as Poland or Hungary, have been even more vulnerable to surging inflation.
Borders gone
As some Croatians lamented the demise of the national currency, HNB governor Boris Vujcic said while it was a sentimental moment for him, it was the "only reasonable politics."
The kuna was adopted in 1994, during the independence war.
Kuna means marten, a weasellike carnivore whose fur was used as currency in the Middle Ages.
Early Sunday, Vujcic will symbolically withdraw euros from a cash machine in downtown Zagreb.
Interior and foreign ministers will attend brief ceremonies at border crossings with Croatia's EU peers Slovenia and Hungary respectively while the bloc's chief Ursula von der Leyen is to visit the country later Sunday.
Local papers hailed the two events on Saturday, with the best-selling Vecernji List daily labelling them the "crown of (Zagreb's) EU membership."
Croatia's entry into the Schengen borderless area will also provide a boost to the Adriatic nation's key tourism industry, which accounts for 20% of its GDP.
Previously long queues at the 73 land border crossings with Slovenia and Hungary will become history.
Border checks will end on March 26 at airports because of technical issues.
Croatia will still apply strict border checks on its eastern border with non-EU neighbors Bosnia, Montenegro and Serbia.
