NATO and China's efforts to deepen cooperation with like-minded countries in the Indo-Pacific and Europe are viewed by some analysts as part of the growing competition between major powers, especially between the United States and China.
"[The latest development] is a standard major power competition," said Ian Chong, a political scientist at the National University of Singapore.
These efforts are aimed at "finding out where are their friends and who can support their efforts," he said. "[But] it's pretty clear that the competition between major powers is intensifying," he told VOA by phone.
During its annual summit in Washington, NATO announced it would launch four new joint projects with Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. The projects will focus on deepening cooperation with the four Indo-Pacific countries on Ukraine, artificial intelligence, disinformation, and cybersecurity.
U.S. national security adviser Jake Sullivan said the goal is to "harness the unique strengths" of democracies to address shared global challenges. In response, the Chinese government accused NATO of "inciting bloc confrontation and hyping up regional tensions" by engaging with countries in the Indo-Pacific region.
Instead of expanding its footprint to the Indo-Pacific region through these joint projects, some experts say NATO is trying to involve more like-minded countries in the process of building up competencies in critical areas of competition.
"These are core areas that will shape military and other forms of competition moving forward so NATO wants to establish more cooperation with like-minded democracies," said Stephen Nagy, a regional security expert at the International Christian University in Japan.
Since NATO has labeled China as "the decisive enabler" of Russia's war against Ukraine, Nagy said the alliance is trying to show Beijing that it won't back out of the global competition in key areas.
"NATO is signaling to China that they can be part of the solution, or they would be part of the problem," he told VOA by phone.
In an interview with VOA's Mandarin Service, Japan's Foreign Press Secretary Maki Kobayashi said that while Tokyo has been working closely with NATO member states, these efforts shouldn't be viewed as an attempt to establish a NATO in Asia.
China's attempt to counter NATO
While the U.S. and its NATO allies aimed to strengthen cooperation with Indo-Pacific countries through the summit in Washington, China is also beefing up military cooperation with Belarus and Russia.
On Monday, China initiated an 11-day joint military exercise near the border of Poland with Belarus, the newest member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. While the Chinese Foreign Ministry insisted that the exercise wasn't targeting any country, some analysts told VOA that the move is Beijing's response to NATO's growing interest in Asia.
In addition to the military exercise with Belarus in Europe, China also announced Friday a joint naval exercise with Russia in waters near the southern city of Zhanjiang.
The Chinese defense ministry characterized the drills, which will take place near the disputed South China Sea, as attempts for Beijing and Moscow to demonstrate their resolve and capabilities to address "maritime security threats and preserving global and regional peace and stability."
Nagy in Japan said Beijing is trying to show its displeasure toward NATO's efforts to strengthen ties with Indo-Pacific countries.
"China is signaling to NATO member states that they can cause headaches for them in their region or regions that matter to them," he told VOA.
Apart from closely aligning the dates of the two military exercises with the NATO Summit, China also used last week's SCO Summit in Kazakhstan to uphold its "no limits partnership" with Russia and promote the alternative world order that it has been championing in recent years.
While the SCO isn't an alliance with a common goal, some experts say China will still try to use it as a platform to "build its own blocs" to counter NATO and dilute Western influence.
"China is strengthening these arrangements through bilateral agreements and strategic partnership, which often include security," Sari Arho Havren, an associate fellow at the Royal United Services Institute, told VOA by phone.
But since the SCO includes member states such as India, which is also part of the quadrilateral security dialogue with Australia, Japan, and the U.S., Nagy thinks New Delhi is unlikely to back any efforts to transform SCO into a counterweight of NATO.
And while China might engage in some security cooperation with other authoritarian states like Russia or Iran — such as the joint military exercise the three countries conducted in March — Nagy said the differences in the three countries' tolerance for risk and their visions for these partnerships will make it difficult for them to form a formal alliance.
In his view, Russia has a higher tolerance for risk while China is concerned about how the war in Ukraine may affect stability around the world.
"In the North Korea front, China is not happy about Putin's recent trip to Pyongyang while Beijing wants a stable relationship with Iran, which adds limits to their cooperation," Nagy told VOA.
"The idea that these countries can converge to form an alliance to combat the so-called Western containment is not feasible, but they may align themselves so they can coordinate the supply of resources," he added.
Despite some limitations in reality, Arho Havren said China and NATO's latest efforts to deepen partnerships show that a bloc competition may be emerging.
"Both sides are more assertive and clear about their messaging and recent developments may accelerate this trend," she told VOA.
