The arid and sparsely populated African nation of Botswana counted votes Thursday from elections expected to return President Mokgweetsi Masisi to office after a first term marked by growing unemployment and concerns over the diamond-dependent economy.
Voting on Wednesday was orderly in a country proud of its democratic system installed on independence from Britain in 1966, making it the oldest democracy in the region although it has always been governed by the same party.
The ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) is confident the results, which are expected late Thursday, will extend its 58 years in power, although commentators said weakened support may see the country's first hung parliament.
Counting for the municipal ballot started immediately as polls closed late Wednesday while the parliamentary ballot boxes were transported to separate centers.
With 61 parliamentary seats up for grabs, Botswana's first-past-the-post system means the first party to 31 seats will be declared the winner and install its candidate as president.
Masisi, one of four presidential candidates, said after casting his ballot Wednesday he was confident that "victory is certain."
But many voters said it was time for a change amid allegations of government corruption, nepotism and mismanagement.
Most of Botswana's financial assets are held by a wealthy 10% of its people and the gap between rich and poor is one of the largest in the world, according to the World Bank.
Unemployment rose to 27% as the economy suffered from a slump in the market for diamonds, its main source of income.
"The first priority for the next government or president would be to stabilize the economy, create a degree of strategic certainty in the mining sector," political commentator Olopeng Rabasimane said.
"The second has to be employment generation, especially for young people. The third one would be diversification of the economy away from dependency on diamonds," he said.
Masisi acknowledged concerns about a decline in Botswana's foreign reserves and weakened international diamond sales, saying the government would increase local investments as a countermeasure.
"We intend to address that by putting money into the pockets of citizens and building infrastructure," he told reporters.
But the country needs more than construction, said Rabasimane. "You cannot build roads only where there is no money to service those roads."
In 2023 growth fell to 2.7% from 5.5% in 2022, the IMF says. It is projected at 1% in 2024.
Weakened opposition
Masisi was elected in 2019 with around 52% of votes.
The party is not expected to win many more this time and the opposition has been weakened by division.
Ahead of the election, two key parties quit the left-leaning Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), whose leader Duma Boko, 54, is also in the running.
The populist Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF) and social democratic Botswana Congress Party (BCP) are fielding their own candidates, Mephato Reatile, 57, and Dumelang Saleshando, 53, respectively.
The independent Mmegi newspaper said this week that "historical momentum and the limping opposition" suggested that a BDP victory appeared evident.
The UDC has claimed several irregularities around voting day. "Our fear is that we are going to have another rigged election just as in 2019," the head of a UDC monitoring group, Mike Keakopa, said.
The party would decide later whether to take these complaints to court or choose other action, he said. Its attempt to have the results of the 2019 election thrown out over alleged irregularities was dismissed.
