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Dezinformacije o uraganima vode u opasnost, kažu stručnjaci

Rescuers evacuate people from an apartment complex in Clearwater, Florida, on Oct. 10, 2024, after Hurricane Milton hit. Misinformation and conspiracy theories about the government's response to this storm and Hurricane Helene endanger residents and first responders, experts say.
Rescuers evacuate people from an apartment complex in Clearwater, Florida, on Oct. 10, 2024, after Hurricane Milton hit. Misinformation and conspiracy theories about the government's response to this storm and Hurricane Helene endanger residents and first responders, experts say.

Dezinformacije i teorije zavjere brzo su se proširile kao odgovor na prirodne katastrofe na jugoistoku Sjedinjenih Država, stvarajući nepovjerenje u vladinu reakciju, kaže šef Federalne agencije za upravljanje vanrednim situacijama.

"To je apsolutno najgore što sam ikada vidjela", rekla je FEMA administratorka Deanne Criswell novinarima u razgovoru u utorak.

Širenje laži oko prirodnih katastrofa dolazi u trenutku kada će infrastruktura društvenih medija omogućiti da se "praktički svaka tvrdnja" pojača i širi, kažu stručnjaci.

Uragan Helene ostavio je više od 200 mrtvih i mnogo više povrijeđenih ili bez struje, a uragan Milton ostavio je najmanje pet mrtvih nakon što je opustošio Floridu, navodi Associated Press.

Neke često širene laži uključuju optužbe da je FEMA spriječila evakuacije Floride i tvrdnje da su sredstva za žrtve oluje umjesto toga davana migrantima bez dokumenata.

Takve dezinformacije "demorališu" one koji prvi reaguju, rekla je Criswell u pozivu za štampu.

In photos: Hurricane Milton slams Florida

Hangars at Albert Whitted Airport were damaged by winds from Hurricane Milton, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
1/20 Hangars at Albert Whitted Airport were damaged by winds from Hurricane Milton, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
People are rescued from an apartment complex in the aftermath of Hurricane Milton, in Clearwater, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
2/20 People are rescued from an apartment complex in the aftermath of Hurricane Milton, in Clearwater, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
A drone image shows the dome of Tropicana Field which has been torn open due to Hurricane Milton in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
3/20 A drone image shows the dome of Tropicana Field which has been torn open due to Hurricane Milton in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
Marie Cook reacts to the damage to her home in the Binks Estates community after a tornado formed by Hurricane Milton touched down in Wellington, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
4/20 Marie Cook reacts to the damage to her home in the Binks Estates community after a tornado formed by Hurricane Milton touched down in Wellington, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
This image provided by the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office shows an aerial view of the extensive flooding on Hillsborough Avenue in Tampa, Oct. 10, 2024 after Hurricane Milton passed through the area.
5/20 This image provided by the Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office shows an aerial view of the extensive flooding on Hillsborough Avenue in Tampa, Oct. 10, 2024 after Hurricane Milton passed through the area.
An intense tornado whipped up by Hurricane Milton destroyed a beauty salon in Cocoa Beach, Florida, on Oct. 10, 2024.
6/20 An intense tornado whipped up by Hurricane Milton destroyed a beauty salon in Cocoa Beach, Florida, on Oct. 10, 2024.
Damage to a home is seen after a tornado ripped through The Preserve development in Wellington as Hurricane Milton tracked across Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
7/20 Damage to a home is seen after a tornado ripped through The Preserve development in Wellington as Hurricane Milton tracked across Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
A billboard structure is seen after it was uprooted during Hurricane Milton, Oct. 10, 2024, in Clearwater, Florida.
8/20 A billboard structure is seen after it was uprooted during Hurricane Milton, Oct. 10, 2024, in Clearwater, Florida.
A view shows a collapsed construction crane that fell on the building that also hosts the offices of the <em>Tampa Bay Times</em>, after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in downtown St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
9/20 A view shows a collapsed construction crane that fell on the building that also hosts the offices of the Tampa Bay Times, after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in downtown St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
Residents are rescued from an their second story apartment complex in Clearwater that was flooded from and overflowing creek due to Hurricane Milton, Oct. 10, 2024 in Florida.
10/20 Residents are rescued from an their second story apartment complex in Clearwater that was flooded from and overflowing creek due to Hurricane Milton, Oct. 10, 2024 in Florida.
A drone view shows buildings and other structures damaged by Hurricane Milton after it made landfall, in Venice, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
11/20 A drone view shows buildings and other structures damaged by Hurricane Milton after it made landfall, in Venice, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.
Debris is strewn on a street following the collapse of a crane, during heavy rainfall and strong winds caused by Hurricane Milton, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024, in this screengrab taken from social media. (Mike's Weather Page/via Reuters)
12/20 Debris is strewn on a street following the collapse of a crane, during heavy rainfall and strong winds caused by Hurricane Milton, in St. Petersburg, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024, in this screengrab taken from social media. (Mike's Weather Page/via Reuters)
Objects are submerged in water after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in Venice, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024.&nbsp;
13/20 Objects are submerged in water after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in Venice, Florida, Oct. 10, 2024. 
A view shows a fallen traffic light near a police car, after Hurricane Milton made landfall in Florida, in Orlando, Oct. 10, 2024.&nbsp;
14/20 A view shows a fallen traffic light near a police car, after Hurricane Milton made landfall in Florida, in Orlando, Oct. 10, 2024. 
Utility poles are seen downed by strong wind gusts as Hurricane Milton approaches Fort Myers, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.&nbsp;
15/20 Utility poles are seen downed by strong wind gusts as Hurricane Milton approaches Fort Myers, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024. 
Broken windows on a building are pictured as Hurricane Milton approaches Sarasota in Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.&nbsp;
16/20 Broken windows on a building are pictured as Hurricane Milton approaches Sarasota in Florida, Oct. 9, 2024. 
Water-flooded streets are seen after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in Fort Myers, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
17/20 Water-flooded streets are seen after Hurricane Milton made landfall, in Fort Myers, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
The sky lights up as an electric installation is damaged as Hurricane Milton approaches Sarasota, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024
18/20 The sky lights up as an electric installation is damaged as Hurricane Milton approaches Sarasota, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024
A man records the storm as Hurricane Milton makes landfall, in Sarasota, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
19/20 A man records the storm as Hurricane Milton makes landfall, in Sarasota, Florida, Oct. 9, 2024.
A Lee County Sheriff's officer patrols the streets of Cape Coral, Florida, as heavy rain falls ahead of Hurricane Milton, Oct. 9, 2024.
20/20 A Lee County Sheriff's officer patrols the streets of Cape Coral, Florida, as heavy rain falls ahead of Hurricane Milton, Oct. 9, 2024.
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Osim toga, izmišljotine bi mogle da dovedu službe i stanovnike pogođenih područja u još veću opasnost, smatra Matthew Baum, profesor Univerziteta Harvard koji se fokusira na lažne vijesti i dezinformacije.

“Kada govorite o situacijama života i smrti, [dezinformacije] mogu dovesti do toga da ljudi ne iskoriste pomoć koja im je dostupna, a također može biti opasno za one koji prve odgovore koji su optuženi za sve vrste zla, “, rekao je Baum za Glas Amerike. “A ako oni koji prvi reaguju počnu brinuti o vlastitoj sigurnosti, to će potkopati način na koji rade svoj posao.

Mnoge druge neistine potiču iz kampanje i saveznika bivšeg predsjednika Donalda Trumpa.

Na skupu 3. oktobra, bivši predsjednik je lažno tvrdio da je Biden-Harrisova administracija preusmjeravala sredstva FEMA-e za smještaj ilegalnih migranata.

Prošle sedmice, predstavnica Marjorie Taylor Greene, republikanka iz Dordžije, tvrdila je da "oni kontroliraju vrijeme" u objavi na društvenoj medijskoj platformi X. Ona nije precizirala ko su "oni".

Kako bi se borila protiv popularnih zavjera u vezi s naporima za pomoć uraganima, FEMA je pokrenula web stranicu "Odgovor na glasine o uraganu" kako bi "pomogla u ispravljanju glasina i pružila tačne informacije", navodi se u saopštenju za javnost.

Baum je, međutim, rekao za Glas Amerike da na one koji vjeruju u lažne tvrdnje možda neće uticati web stranicu koju finansira vlada, jer su već "duboko u zečjoj rupi konspirativnog razmišljanja".

Ne mislim da će web stranica imati značajan učinak, ali to ipak vrijedi učiniti jer je novinari čitaju i kada te informacije tamo dovode u ekosistem vijesti”, rekao je Baum. “Ali u osnovi, malo je vjerovatno da će doprijeti do mnogih ljudi koji su u opasnosti da budu oštećeni ovim dezinformacijama.

FEMA je postavila sličnu web stranicu za odgovor na glasine tokom pandemije koronavirusa 2020.

Na platformama društvenih medija kao što je X, dezinformacije se šire brže od istinitih priča, pokazalo je istraživanje MIT-a iz 2018. Lažne vijesti imaju 70% veće šanse da budu objavljene nego istinite.

Stručnjak za medije Matt Jordan rekao je za Glas Amerike da je ogromna količina dezinformacija koje kruže dio strategije "vatrogasnog crijeva laži", u kojoj loši glumci objavljuju toliko "smeća" da ljudi ne znaju u šta da vjeruju.

To je način da se eliminiše kapacitet štampe da pomogne u stvaranju demokratskog konsenzusa samo stavljanjem toliko smeća u zonu“, rekao je profesor Penn State.

Američki predsjednik Joe Biden rekao je tokom jutarnjeg brifinga u utorak da ove dezinformacije "obmanjuju" javnost.

"To je neameričko, zaista jeste", rekao je u svojim komentarima. „Ljudi su nasmrt uplašeni; ljudi znaju da su njihovi životi u pitanju.”

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